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Bolivias constitution and laws technically guarantee a wide range of human rights, but in practice these rights very often fail to be respected and enforced. “The result of perpetual rights violations by the Bolivian government against its people,” according to the Foundation for Sustainable Development, “has fueled a palpable sense of desperation and anger throughout the country.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.fsdinternational.org/country/bolivia/hrissues )〕 The country's chief human-rights problems, according to a 2010 U.S. State Department report, are “killings and torture by security forces; harsh prison conditions; allegations of arbitrary arrest and detention; an ineffective, overburdened, and corrupt judiciary; a 'partly free' media; corruption and a lack of transparency in the government; trafficking in persons; child labor; forced or coerced labor; and harsh working conditions in the mining sector.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/wha/154495.htm )〕 A 2001 report by the UN Committee against Torture praised new legislation and other efforts by the Bolivian government to improve human rights; but the report also expressed concern about the “continuing complaints of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, resulting on many occasions in death, both in police stations and in prisons and military barracks”; the “impunity accorded to human rights violations...resulting from the lack of any investigation of complaints and the slow pace and inadequacy of such investigations”; the lack of enforcement of laws setting maximum detention periods; prison conditions; the sometimes deadly “discipilinary measures” inflicted on soldiers; the “excessive and disproportionate use of force and firearms by the National Police and the armed forces in suppressing mass demonstrations”; the harassment of human-rights activists; and the return to Peru of refugees “without complying with procedural formalities.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/A.56.44,paras.89-98.En?Opendocument )〕 ==Basic freedoms== Although Bolivian law technically guarantees freedom of speech and of the press, the relationship between the government and the news media is hostile, and the government has been charged with “taking actions designed to restrict independent media or to encourage self-censorship.” While there are a variety of news media that operate without restriction, including many that are critical of the government, people living in some rural regions have no source of news other than government radio. Also, insulting public officials is a crime punishable by a jail term of up to three years; an independent Press Tribunal has the power to sanction journalists. A 2010 report by Freedom House described the Bolivian press as “partly free” and increasingly unfree. In 2010, there were 60 cases of reported physical aggression or verbal threats directed at 111 journalists.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/wha/154495.htm )〕 A group of masked men broke into the radio studio of journalist Fernando Vidal in October 2012 while he was on the air and set him on fire, apparently in reprisal for Vidal's criticism of local smugglers and/or government officials.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/bolivia-chilling-attack-radio-journalist-2012-10-30 )〕 Despite all the challenges to free expression that exist in Bolivia, Human Rights Watch describes the country as enjoying “vibrant public debate, with a variety of critical and pro-government media outlets,” although it acknowledges that the national atmosphere is “politically polarized.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hrw.org/americas/bolivia )〕 Bolivians enjoy free access to the Internet, academic freedom, freedom of assembly, and freedom of religion. They also enjoy freedom of movement within the country, the right to travel abroad, and the right to move abroad and repatriate. In practice, however, protesters frequently make movement within the country difficult by blockading major thoroughfares. Also, the fact that many Bolivians have no identity documents makes it difficult for them to obtain passports. Elections are free and fair, although the above-mentioned fact that many Bolivians do not have identity documents can prevent them from voting. While corruption is technically supposed to be punished, it occurs routinely in all branches of the Bolivian government. Bolivian law does not provide for public access to government information.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/wha/154495.htm )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Human rights in Bolivia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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